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Prophets of Israel

This table lists individuals who receive communication from God and who are sent by Him on a mission to relay that message to the people of Israel, to kings or even to other nations. The personalities in this chart are listed in order of appearance in תנ "ך . Numbers next to the kings' names refer to the listings in the chart of Biblical Leaders.

 

Name

Mission and Message

Kings the נביא  advises

Sources

א .

מֹשֶׁה

Leads Israel out of Egypt and through the desert for 40 years. Receives the Torah from God and teaches it to the nation.

-

שמות - דברים

ב .

שְׁמוּאֵל

Confirms to עלי  the downfall of his family, judges the nation, leads בני ישראל  in banning idolatry, anoints שאול  and דוד .

שאול  (19),

דוד  (20)

שמואל א א -כד

ג .

גָּד

Instructs דוד  to return to יהודה  from מואב . Counsels דוד  on how to end the dying when the land is struck with a plague.

דוד (20)

שמואל א כב , שמואל ב כד

ד .

נָתָן

Messenger of God to דוד : informs the king that he will not build a Temple; rebukes דוד  for the בת -שבע  affair; persuades דוד  to appoint שלמה  his successor.

דוד (20)

שמואל ב ז , יב , מלכים א א

ה .

אֲחִיָּה הַשִּׁילֹֹנִי

Appoints ירבעם  king of Israel; later warns that the family is doomed.

ירבעם (23)

מלכים א יא

ו .

שְׁמַעְיָה

Warns רחבעם  not to start a civil war when the tribes split from יהודה .

רחבעם (22)

מלכים א יב

ז .

יֵהוּא

בֶּן חֲנָנִי

Rebukes יהושפט  for his alliance with אחאב . Warns בעשא  that his family will be destroyed due to his idolatry.

יהושפט (32),

בעשא (27)

מלכים א טז

ח .

אֵלִיָּהוּ

Declares a drought in the time of אחאב . Presents dramatic proof of God's existence on הר הכרמל . Rebukes אחאב  for killing and stealing, and אחזיהו  for believing in a foreign god. אליהו  is a mentor to אלישע .

אחאב (31),

אחזיהו (33)

מלכים א יז -יט , כא , מלכים ב א -ב

ט .

מִיכָיְהוּ

בֶּן יִמְלָה

Informs אחאב  that he will be killed in his upcoming war with ארם .

אחאב (31),

יהושפט (32)

מלכים א כב

י .

אֱלִישָׁע

בֶּן שָׁפָט

Performs various miracles. Promises the kings of Israel and Judah military success against מואב . Tells חזאל  that he will rule ארם  and defeat Israel. Anoints יהוא  king over Israel, encourages יהוא  to destroy ארם .

יהורם (34),

יהושפט (32),

יהוא (37),

יואש (42)

מלכים ב ב -ז , יג

יא .

יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

בֶּן אָמוֹץ

Preaches punishment for יהודה  and ישראל  for their sins, but promises that God will also redeem His people after they are exiled. The prophet tells אחז  of יהודה  that the states of Israel and ארם  will not defeat him, but does warn against the power of אשור . He assures חזקיהו  of יהודה  that סנחריב  of אשור  will not conquer ירושלים , but warns that בבל  will.

אחז (52),

חזקיהו (53)

מלכים ב יט -כ , ישעיה

יב .

חֻלְדָּה הַנְּבִיאָה

Consulted by messengers of יאשיהו חלדה   warns the king that although he will not witness it, God will punish the nation because of its sins.

יאשיהו (56)

מלכים ב כב

יג .

יִרְמְיָהוּ

בֶּן חִלְקִיָּהוּ

Warns that נבוכדנאצר , king of בבל  will conquer ירושלים , destroy the Temple and exile the people of יהודה .  ירמיהו   encourages his people to surrender to בבל .  ירמיהו 's  message is rejected by King יהויקים . He is arrested and imprisoned several times. ירמיהו  preaches repentance from sin and promises that the exile will be long but not eternal.

יהויקים (58),

צדקיהו (60)

ירמיה

יד .

אוּרִיָּהוּ

בֶּן שְׁמַעיָהוּ

This contemporary of ירמיהו  warns of the fall of ירושלים  and is executed by King יהויקים .

יהויקים (58)

ירמיה כו :כ -כד

טו .

יְחֶזְקֵאל

בֶּן בּוּזִי

יחזקאל rebukes the people before the fall of ירושלים  and comforts them with promises of restoration of the Temple after its חורבן . Receives many visions such as the Throne Chariot (מרכבה ) and the Valley of the Dry Bones.

-

יחזקאל

טז .

הוֹשֵׁעַ

בֶּן בְּאֵרִי

Active during the late First Temple period, הושע  describes God distancing Himself from Israel but also taking her back.

-

הושע

יז .

יוֹאֵל

בֶּן פְּתוּאֵל

יואל  describes a tremendous invasion of locusts, but promises that this will be followed by a period of plenty.

-

יואל

יח .

עָמוֹס

A prophet during the middle of the First Temple period who warns the people of Israel to cease their wicked and unjust ways.

-

עמוס

יט .

עֹבַדְיָה

The nation of אדום  will be severely punished for its cruelty to Israel.

-

עבדיה

כ .

יוֹנָה בֶּן אֲמִתַּי

יונה  is sent to warn the people of נינוה  to repent but tries to run away.

-

יונה

כא .

מִיכָה הַמֹּרַשְׁתִּי

מיכה  warns that Israel's abuse of the weak will lead to destruction.

-

מיכה

כב .

נַחוּם הָאֶלְקֹשִׁי

This prophet predicts the fall of נינוה , capital of Israel's enemy, אשור .

-

נחום

כג .

חֲבַקּוק

God talks with חבקוק  about the apparent triumph of evil in the world.

-

חבקוק

כד .

צְפַנְיָה

בֶּן כּוּשִׁי

Wicked nations will suffer punishment leading to recognition of God.

-

צפניה

כה .

חַגַּי

חגי  urges Jews who have returned from exile to rebuild the Temple.

-

חגי

כו .

זְכַרְיָה

בֶּן בֶּרֶכְיָה

זכריה  teaches that spiritual revival must match a reunion with the land.

-

זכריה

כז .

מַלְאָכִי

Despite the restoration of the state, Jews are still lax in their behaviour.

-

מלאכי

כח .

דָּנִיֵּאל

דניאל   interprets messages God transmits to two בבלי   kings announcing their fates: נבוכדנאצר   has a dream, and בלשאצר   sees writing on a wall.

נבוכדנאצר , בלשאצר

דניאל

כט .

עִדֹו הַחֹזֶה

This seer records events in the kingships of שלמה , רחבעם  and ירבעם .

-

דה "י ב ט , יב

ל .

עֲזַרְיָהוּ

בֶּן עוֹדֵד

עזריהו  encourages King אסא  to maintain his righteous path.

אסא (26)

דה "י ב טו

לא .

חֲנָנִי הָרֹאֶה

חנני  rebukes אסא  for his alliance with בן הדד , king of ארם .

אסא (26)

דה "י ב טז

לב .

יַחֲזִיאֵל

בֶּן זְכַרְיָהוּ

This לוי  is divinly inspired to tell יהושפט  not to fear עמון  and מואב .

יהושפט (32)

דה "י ב כ

לג .

אֱלִיעֶזֶר

בֶּן דּוֹדָוָהוּ

אליעזר  rebukes יהושפט  for his business alliance with אחזיה  of Israel.

יהושפט (32)

דה "י ב כ

לד .

זְכַרְיָה

בֶּן יְהוֹיָדָע

A כהן  who tries to rebuke יואש  for his idolatry but who is stoned.

יואש (39)

דה "י ב כד

לה .

עֹדֵד

After a civil war, עדד  convinces Israel to release 200,000 Judean captives.

-

דה "י ב כח

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